Specially designed tables that support patients during physical examination, assessment, and minor clinical procedures. In orthopaedics and physiotherapy, they are adjustable in height, tilt, and section positioning to allow clinicians to properly assess joints, muscles, and range of motion. Electric or hydraulic models allow smooth repositioning without manual effort. Specialised variants include fracture tables (for hip and femur surgery), traction tables, and padded treatment plinths used in physiotherapy sessions for hands-on manual therapy

Specialised surgical tools designed for procedures involving bones, joints, cartilage, and connective tissue. They are more robust than general surgical instruments to withstand the forces required when working on hard tissue. Bone saws (oscillating and sagittal) cut through bone during joint replacements and fracture repairs. Reamers and broaches prepare bone cavities for implants. Bone drills and screwdrivers fix fracture plates, screws, and nails. Arthroscopic instruments — small shavers, probes, and punches — are used for minimally invasive joint surgery of the knee, shoulder, and hip.

Devices that apply a controlled pulling force to the spine or a limb in order to relieve pain, decompress joints, reduce fractures, or correct deformity. Cervical traction units gently stretch the neck to relieve disc compression and nerve root irritation. Lumbar traction tables apply longitudinal force to the lower spine. Skeletal traction systems use pins inserted directly into bone for managing complex femoral or tibial fractures. Skin traction uses foam boots and weight systems applied externally to the limb. Used in both orthopaedic wards and physiotherapy departments.

Equipment that supports patients in regaining function, strength, mobility, and independence following surgery, injury, or neurological impairment. Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) machines gently move a joint through a set range of motion after knee or shoulder surgery to prevent stiffness. Parallel bars and standing frames assist with early weight-bearing and balance training. Walkers, crutches, and gait trainers aid mobility during recovery. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) devices use electrical impulses to activate weakened muscles. Balance boards and wobble cushions improve proprioception and joint stability.

Electrotherapy and physical modality devices used by physiotherapists to reduce pain, promote tissue healing, improve circulation, and restore muscle function. Ultrasound therapy units deliver deep tissue vibration to accelerate soft tissue repair. TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) machines block pain signals via skin electrodes. Shortwave and microwave diathermy units generate deep heat in muscles and joints. Laser therapy devices use low-level light energy for wound healing and inflammation. Hot and cold therapy packs, wax baths, and hydrotherapy pools are traditional but effective adjuncts to hands-on physiotherapy treatment.